i know that many Baha'i prayers are taken from the prayers and / or sayings of Bahá'u'lláh, Abdu'l-Bahá, and Shoghi Effendi; are Baha'is allowed / encouraged to make up their own prayers?
Reply:
Baha'is can certainly free to compose their own prayers however we're encouraged to use the revealed prayers of Baha'u'llah, the Bab, and Abdul-Baha in that order of preference. Although Shoghi Effendi composed prayers they are not regarded as having the same potency as revealed prayers of the Bab and Baha'u'llah.
are there any recommended prayer positions favored by Baha'is or recommended by Bahá'u'lláh?
Reply:
The Obligatory Prayers revealed by Baha'u'llah have specific instructions with them... All of them require ablutions and facing the Qiblah (Bahji).
is there any set number of times a Baha'i should pray during the day?
Reply:
Baha'is have a choice of any of three Obligatory Prayers that are said daily. The Short Obligatort Prayers is said around noon time; there is a Long Obligatory Prayer said once every 24 hours...no specific time requirement. A Medium Obligatory Prayer is said three tiems a day...morning, noon and evening.
Here is a site on the Obligatory Prayers:
http://bahai-library.com/compilations/prayers/BP-4.html
http://bahai-library.com/compilations/prayers/BP-5.html