Hi Netti-Netti —
It seems esoterism can exist apart from traditional institutional religions, however.
No, I think not. An esoterism without an exoteric counterpart would be invisible — it does not 'exist' in the sense that it has no presence in the world. People will always try and do that, it's like wanting the cherry off the top of the cake. Everybody likes the idea of being esoteric, relatively fewer want to put in the effort, so they'll invent all manner of reasons why the two can be separate ...
I love the story of the meeting between the legendary samurai Yagyu Jubei and a Zen Master: "How long will it take to become a master of the sword?" demanded Jubei. "Ten years," the other replied. "I can't wait ten years! What if I train twice as long, and twice as hard?" The door slammed in his face. "Twenty years!" came the reply from within.
Jubei nevertheless became the student of the old man, on three conditions:
1 — You do whatever I ask of you.
2 — You obey without question.
3 — You
never ask me about swordsmanship.
Jubei became the hermit's body servant and housekeeper. He cooked, he cleaned, he washed. A year or so passed. Then the old man took to attacking him with a stick, delivering frightful bruises, and knocking him unconscious. He would be attacked, even in his sleep. More years passed.
One day Jubei was stirring the rice, cooking in a pot on the hearth, when the old man emerged from the shadows like a wraith and swung at Jubei's head. Jubei, without turning, without hesitation, without even altering the rhythm of his stirring of the rice, casually raised an arm and warded off the blow with the iron lid of the pot.
"Good!" the old man said. "Now we can begin!"
The plain truth is ... there are no shortcuts, and no guarantees.
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Indeed, Great Britain has been enjoying a marked increase in the rate at which people are reporting religious/spiritual experiences.
I know. In ther absence of any objective measure, anyone can claim anything they like, and they do.
Interestingly, a substantial increase occurred between 1987 and 2000. This time frame corresponds roughly to a period of rapid decline in institutional religion. I suspect it could have something to do with the proliferation of spiritual ideas in popular culture.
Yes, it's called 'dumbing down' — people can't be bothered to make the effort or do the work, so they look for shortcuts, including self-determining what a spiritual experience is, and what it isn't. I love the statement "I'm spiritual, but not religious" which is like saying "I'm an athlete, but I don't train", or "I'm a really nice person, but can't be bothered with people."
In every spiritual discipline I've looked at, the first rule is to ignore 'spiritual experience' which is invariably self-manufactured by the ego as a means of self-delusion. You must know this from your studies? The East are far hotter on it than the West — even the Orthodox are critical, they would call those experiences 'fantasia' ...
With no objective measure, they're all at sea without a map, compass, or a star to steer by.
At any rate, the dual trends - increased spirituality and dwindling interest in the old religions organizations - would seem to suggest that esoterism is not dependent on traditional exoteric institutional religion.
No, anyone who claims that does not really understand the symbiotic relation between the two. I think it's easily demonstrable that what people consider 'spiritual' is not spiritual at all, and that the modern world has completely lost sense of the esoteric.
The link can become atenuated, I agree, it was during the end of the 19th early 20th century when scholasticism became dry Aristotelian argument ... but then look — von Balthasar (possibly the Aquinas of the 210th century), de Lubac, Schbeeben, Mersch ... I could go on.
Even though I think religious ideas have been popularized in contemporary culture, I think religious practice has become rather privatized (not likely to involve going to church).
I think the popularisation of religious ideas is basically that one can make it up as one goes along. 'Personal religion' is a meaningless phrase bandied about a lot.
Religion — and religious experience — has been relegated from the real to the personal. 'Truth,' as the critic said, 'is no longer a matter of objective reality, but personal narrative.'
Thus the religious, the spiritual, the esoteric, and the mystic are reduced to sentimentalisms. Their foundation lies in the affirmation "Because that's what it is for me."
Thomas